Just because this particular disorder is named after the fairy tale princess with incredibly long hair does not mean that it has a happy ending. In fact it is the opposite and it is the oddness and bizarreness of this syndrome that made me share it in case one is unaware that it exists.
The Rapunzel syndrome is an unusual form of trichobezoar (large mass of hair) found in patients with a history of psychiatric disorders, trichotillomania (habit of hair pulling) and trichophagia (morbid habit of chewing the hair), consequently developing gastric bezoars or hair ball with a “tail” that extends into the intestines. The principal symptoms are vomiting and epigastric pain.
A rare case of this nature has been reported out of the UK where a 17-year-old girl showed up at the hospital after her fainting spells, her face and head bruised from the resulting falls. Per a case study documented in BMJ Case Reports, the teen also mentioned she’d had stomach pains off and on for five months, and that they’d gotten worse over the past two weeks. A CT scan showed the patient had a “grossly distended stomach,” as well as a rip in the stomach wall—the result of a trichobezoar (i.e., a giant hairball) that was 19 inches long and had burst through. When doctors operated on her to remove it, they discovered the hair mass was so big that it “formed a cast of the entire stomach.”
BMJ Case Reports is an important educational resource offering a high volume of cases in all disciplines so that healthcare professionals, researchers and others can easily find clinically important information on common and rare conditions.
It turned out that the girl suffered jointly from trichotillomania, a hair-pulling disorder that affects between 0.5% and 3% of people, and trichophagia, which involves eating one’s hair (between 10% and 30% of those with the former condition also have the latter).
Statistics show that only 1% of people with both end up like this teen, with hair tangled and trapped in the intestinal tract, an even rarer, sometimes fatal condition attributed to this syndrome.
The girl left the hospital a week after the procedure, and the study authors describe her recovery as “uneventful”: A month later, she was said to be “progressing well with dietary advice” and attending sessions with a psychologist, and there have been no signs of complications.